IJHEM 2054-9849 2054-9857 https://doi.org/10.24052/IJHEM/ 8 Volume 04 Issue 2 2018-02-01

56 https://ijhem.com/details&cid=56 2018-02-23 This paper aims to identify the role of qualification frameworks in defining appropriate assessment methods to assess the earning gained by the learners. It demonstrates a successful mechanism of mapping courses to certain life-long learning and employability skills, measured in multiple progressive stages. The paper provides tools and criteria used to support Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) while selecting appropriate assessment methods to assure high quality learning. Albalooshi, F.A. (2013). Graduate attributes for higher education and their development in Bahrain. International Education Studies, Vol. 6 No. 9, p.23 -30.Bahrain Economic Development Board (2010), Vision 2030, Manama. Arends, R. (2014), Learning to Teach, McGraw Hill Higher Education. Biggs, J. (2003), aligning teaching for constructing learning‏, Higher Education Academy. Biggs, J. (2011), “Teaching for Quality Learning at University: What the Student Does”, in J. Biggs, J. and C. Tang, Teaching for Quality Learning at University, U.K: McGraw-Hill, pp. 111-252. Becket, N. and Brookes, M. (2006), “Evaluating quality management in university departments”, Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp.123-142. Brown, S., and Knight, P. (2012), Assessing Learners in Higher Education, London: Routledge. Fitzpatrick, J., Sanders, J. and Worthen, B. (2004), Program Evaluation: Alternative approaches and practical guidelines, Saddle River, NH: Pearson Education. General Directorate for Qualifications. (2017), The National Qualifications Framework, Credit Framework the Guidelines, Bahrain: Education and Training Authority. Gibbs, G. (1981), Teaching Students to Learn: A Student-Centered Approach, ERIC. Greenstedt, C. and Hommel, U. (2014), “Intended Learning Outcomes”, EFMD Global Focus, Vol. 08 No. 01. Harris, K. and Zhao, J. (2004), “Industry Internships: Feedback from participating faculty and industry executives”, International Journal of Contemporary, Vol 16 No. 7, pp.429-435. Harvey, L. (2001), “Defining and measuring employability”, Quality in Higher Education, Vol. 7 No 2, pp.97-109. Hassan, A. and AlDhaen, E. (2015), “Employability Skills Framework – from External Stakeholder's”, QS Maple. Hinton, K. E. (2013), A practical Guide to Strategic Planning in Higher Education, Society for College and University Planning. MacKenzie, M. (1970), Teaching and Learning. An Introduction to New Methods and Resources in Higher Education, ERIC. McKenzie,P. and Curtis, D. (2001), Employability Skills in Australian Industry: Literature review and framework development, Australian Council for Educational Research. Nusche, D. (2008), Assessment of learning outcomes in higher education. OECD Education Working Papers.  OECD. (2013), The Role of National Qualifications Systems in Promoting Lifelong Learning. Pollard, E. and Hillage, J. (1998), Employability: Developing a framework for policy analysis, UK: Department for Education and Employment. Schneider, U. and Hanf, G. (2005), “What purpose do national qualifications frameworks serve?– A look at other countries”, Promoting Innovation in Vocational Education and Training. pp.9-14. Schuwirth, Lambert, W., Vleuten, V. and Cees, P. (2011), “Programmatic assessment: From assessment of learning to assessment for learning”, Medical Teacher, Vol. 33 No. 6, pp.478-485. Ulicna, D., Coles, M. and Mernagh, E. (2011), Study on the (potential) role of qualifications frameworks in supporting mobility of workers and learners. European Commission and Australian Department of Education Employment and Workplace Relations. Zaharim, A., Omar, M., Yusoff, Y., Mohammed, M., Mohammed, A. and Mustapha, R. (2010), Practical Framework of Employability skills for Engineering graduate in Malaysia, Centre for Engineering Education Res, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi Malaysia https://ijhem.com/cdn/article_file/content_81956_18-02-23-06-12-35.pdf ESRA ALDHAEN MERLIN STONE ELENI ARAVOPOULOU Higher Education Learning Objectives Skills Employability Engineering Assessment Bahrain 6187 21 0

57 https://ijhem.com/details&cid=57 2018-02-23 In a recent paper, use of the case method as the primary means of instruction was criticized for failing to adequately bring together both theory and practice (Pasricha, 2016).  The purpose of the current paper is to rebut (and affirm) some of the concerns that Pasricha had with the case method as well as to provide an example of a case that addresses concerns raised in the Pasricha paper.  The example case provided in the current paper addresses all of Pasricha’s concerns and demonstrates that a well-constructed case can combine theory and practice.  The case method, as currently used in many business schools, often does not specifically require the application of theory to practice.  Requiring learners to apply theory to a problem from an actual business situation can reinforce theory in ways that simply reciting theory cannot accomplish.  This author intends to show that the case method is good pedagogy.  The problem is not the case method; the problem is the application of the case method.   American Crystal Sugar, Quarterly Financial Statements 2012-2013 accessed at www.sec.gov, through Edgar.   Eraut, M. (1994).  Developing Professional Knowledge and Competence, London:  Falmer.  Master eBook ISBN 13: 978-0-203-48601.6.  Part 1 – Professional Knowledge – Its Character, Development and Use:  The Influence of Context on Knowledge. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 1985 .Elements of Financial Statements, Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts Statement 6, Norwalk, CT: FASB.   Jurenas, Remy, Congressional Research Service, “Sugar program:  The Basics, CRS: 7-5700, R42535, March 14, 2013. Parkinson, A. and Chew L. (2016).  An analysis of applied professional teaching practices in relation to research and policy.  International Journal of Higher Education Management, 3(1), pp. 30-40. Pasricha, T.  (2016). Sorry Harvard, but I don’t like the Case Method.  International Journal of Higher Education Management, 3(1), pp 41-48. Stanford.  2017. Stanford University, “The Case Method of Instruction”  http://web.stanford.edu/class/ee353/case.htm” accessed 24 August,2017. Turow, S. (1977). One L.  G. P. Putnam & Sons.  Massachusetts, USA. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency.  Washington, DC 20250.  “Sugar Loan” 10-SU (Revision 4) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency, Economic Research Service, Situation and Outlook, “Sugar and Sweeteners Outlook,” September 18, 2013.  SSM-M-301 Wexler, Alexandra.  The Wall Street Journal.  “Sugar producer Takes Unusual Late Loan.”  Updated September 5, 2013   online.wsj.com/article/SB20001424127887323893004579055253737728862.html#printMode?KEYWORDS=Wexle https://ijhem.com/cdn/article_file/content_75806_18-02-23-06-33-32.pdf LELA D. “KITTY” PUMPHREY Case method B-school Pedagogy Accounting theory 6418 20 0

58 https://ijhem.com/details&cid=58 2018-02-23 The current financial crisis in Greece has led to the creation of an unfavorable external economic environment for all the organizations, threatening directly their sustainability. This study, through a critical literature review and an empirical study, examined the learning process in the case study of the Hellenic Army Land Forces and reached the conclusion that a structural transformation and the adoption and a modern concept are required in order the learning process to be facilitated and become more effective and efficient. However, the particularities that the Armed Forces present as organization, require further research for the development and implementation of a military learning model. The study provided the theoretical background and proposed appropriate methods and tools that can potentially be used in the examined case indicating that there are strong evidences that the Hellenic Land Forcers has the proper infrastructure that could facilitate the restructure and development of a relevant learning model. Nevertheless, the adoption of special management processes are required enabling Army to correspond to current learning needs. Allen, J.M. and Sawhney, R. (2010) Administration and management in criminal justice: A service quality approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.  Anagboso, M. and Spense, A. (2009) ‘Measuring defence’, Economic & Labour Market Review, 3(1), pp. 44–52. doi: 10.1057/elmr.2009.8.  Arghyrou, M.G. and Tsoukalas, J.D. (2011) ‘The Greek debt crisis: Likely causes, mechanics and outcomes’, The World Economy, 34(2), pp. 173–191. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01328.x.    Bailey, J., Ellis, S., Schneider, C. and Ark, T.V. 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59 https://ijhem.com/details&cid=59 2018-02-23 This study aims to improve the role of universities in the developing of skills of higher education graduates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia according to their social needs. In other words, we are looking for the impact of the university on learning outcomes by the reviewing of the role played by Saudi universities in preparing graduates for the job market; especially how to find the appropriate jobs as one of solutions for unemployment female graduates. In fact, the rate of unemployment among female graduates of Saudi universities was about 36% in 2016. The findings presented here can help Saudi universities to identify the best ways to reduce this rate. Abd El Mawla, M. (2005).Effect of training in the development of human resources applied study in the administrative apparatus of the Republic of Yemen. PhD in Public Administration.. Sana'a University..  Abdelgadir, N. & Abdelhafiz E. (2001). Training Practices of Polish Banks: An Appraisal and Agenda for Improvement, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 25, Issue 4. Abdelkader, A & Al-Hadid, I. I (2009).Measuring the role of training in human resource development. A study through the National Scientific Forum entitled: Training strategies under the management of total quality as an input to achieve competitive advantage. Faculty of Economic and Commercial Sciences and Management Sciences. University of Mostaganem:  Al- Ghamdi, A, S. (2009). The level of effectiveness of human resource management in the Ministry of Higher Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the point of view of administrative leaders. PhD thesis in Educational Administration unpublished. Yarmouk University: Irbid. Jordan.  Al-Badawi, K & Ahmed. H. (2014).A Study on the Impact of the Use of Modern Technology on Testing and Electronic Evaluation of the Student as a Means of Improving the Quality of University Education in Saudi Arabia, the 6th Annual Conference of the Arab Organization for Quality Assurance  Ali, S. (1970).Administrative Training, Arab Organization for Administrative Sciences, Volume 80, Al-Nimroti, K. & Sidam, A. (2012). A study entitled Unemployment of graduates and the role of small projects in the treatment of the Islamic University in Gaza. Department of Statistics, Role of Small Enterprises in Reducing the Unemployment Problem in Jordan. Bennis, W.C (1966).Training Requirements for Organization of the Future .Training And Development Journal, London, vol. 20 Issue 7, pp. 22. Boraie, M. G. (1973) Training and Development, World of the Book, Cairo, p. 29. Craig, R.  (1976). Training and Development Handbook, a Guide to Human Resources Development. New York. McGraw-Hill Book Company, P: 7-15 http://mawdoo3.com/Article in the Journal of the Electronic University on 16-9-2015 entitled Greatest Unemployment Unemployment http://rs.ksu.edu.sa/ http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/ http://www.mcs.gov.sa/InformationCenter/PressRelease/Pages/press-1436-1-2-5.aspx Individuals and Organizations, Riyadh, Institute of Public Administration: p. 19. Mohamed, N. (2014).Integration of Education Outputs with the Public and Private Sector Labor Market. Analytical Applied Study Working Paper presented at the Third International Conference: 28 – 30 April, Amman Niaz, M. (1969).Training Programs for Various Categories of Civil Servants. Brussels: International Institute Of Administrative, Organization for Administrative Sciences, No. 163, P: 21  Otaibi, B (2015). Efficiency of University Outputs to Meet the Labor Market Requirements from the Perspective of the Faculty Members of the Islamic Asmariyah University  Teresa Brannick, Sean de Burca, Brian Eynes, Evelyn Roche & Sean Ennis (2002).Service Industrial      Training, 2002, Vol. 26, Issue8. Wahib, A. (1981).Training and Development: A Scientific Introduction to the Effectiveness of     Administration, Issue 3, p. 88. Younis, A. & Salah S, D. & Alsamasi, S. R. (2009).Measuring the impact of training on the performance of employees. Tishreen University Journal of Research and Scientific Studies, Series of Economic Sciences. Vol. 31 Issue 1 https://ijhem.com/cdn/article_file/content_17967_18-02-23-06-44-02.pdf HODA AHMED IBEAHEEM SALLY ELAWADY WIDED RAGMOUN Training Saudi University Performance of learning outcomes cooperative training Unemployment 7155 25 0